Skip to content

Month: July 2019

Three little questions

Three little questions

by digby

This op-ed by Neal Katyal reduces the whole Mueller testimony to just three important questions:

There are just three simple yes-or-no questions Congress should ask Robert Mueller:

Mr. Mueller, the president said your report found, in his words, “no collusion, no obstruction, complete and total exoneration.”

First, did your report find there was no collusion?

Second, did your report find there was no obstruction?

Third, did your report give the president complete and total exoneration?

That’s it. That’s the ballgame. It makes no difference if there are 20 questioners or two when Mr. Mueller appears before two House committees on Wednesday. All of this speculation about whether Mr. Mueller will go beyond the four corners of his report is largely a waste of time, with one asterisk. The report itself is deeply damning to Mr. Trump, elevating him to the rare president who has been credibly documented as committing federal crimes while sitting in office.

I think this is correct as well:

Let’s hope they’re smart enough to use the report’s exact words to question Mueller. It’s the best way to ensure that Mueller isn’t led into Barr’s edict to stonewall anything that goes beyond it.

By the way, if you are still looking for a primer on the report to understand the details, this piece at Lawfare helpfully lays out everything it says Trump did, said or knew:

Robert Mueller is testifying before Congress on Wednesday, and members will no doubt ask him repeatedly for his views and findings about President Trump. Mueller has made clear that he has no intention of going beyond what he said in the report itself, which he called “his testimony.” He will likely be firmest on this point with respect to the sensitive issue of presidential conduct.

So for those who want to figure out what Mueller has said about Trump, here is a list: all of Trump’s actions as detailed in the Mueller report.

This list includes everything Trump said or did, actions others recall him taking, and recollections of when Trump was informed of events and facts relevant to the investigation. In other words, it’s an account of everything the president did, said or knew, according to the Mueller report.

And it is damning…

.

Isolationist Peacenik President wants you to know he has his finger on the button

Isolationist Peacenik President wants you to know he has his finger on the button

by digby

President Donald Trump sometimes makes some head-scratching comments. Casually mentioning a plan to kill 10 million people in Afghanistan definitely ranks as one of them.

Ahead of a Monday meeting with Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan, Trump told reporters at the White House that he could win the war in Afghanistan in just one week if he really, really wanted to. But Trump says he won’t do that because he doesn’t want millions to die.

“I don’t want to kill 10 million people,” he said. “I have plans on Afghanistan that if I wanted to win that war, Afghanistan would be wiped off the face of the earth, it would be gone, it would be over in literally 10 days.”

Yes, you read that right: The US president is saying that he has some secret plan to “win” the war against the Taliban — a war that has lasted nearly 20 years — in just over a week.

He wants to make sure everyone knows he can kill 10 million people with one order. But he says he doesn’t want to do that. So that’s good. I guess.

The media have a chance to get the Mueller report right this time. Will they?

The media have a chance to get the Mueller report right this time. Will they?

by digby


Margaret Sullivan writes:

In political media, as in love, there aren’t many chances to correct a serious wrong.

But the news media will get just that on Wednesday when Robert S. Mueller III testifies before Congress, months after his long-awaited report on Donald Trump and possible Russian collusion to swing the 2016 election was competed.

Recall how gullible — and therefore misleading to the public — the news media was in March when Attorney General William Barr characterized the unreleased report in a four-page letter.

Coverage of that letter set in place an inaccurate narrative that has been almost impossible to dislodge.

Many news organizations, including some of the most prominent, took what Barr said at face value or mischaracterized the report’s findings.

They essentially transmitted to the public — especially in all-important headlines and cable-news bulletins — what President Trump desperately wanted as the takeaway: No collusion; no obstruction.

Not only that, much of the media treatment failed to emphasize sufficiently that this was Barr’s rendering of Mueller’s conclusions.

And many early headlines and tweets went so far as to state that Mueller found no evidence of conspiracy, although that’s not the whole story.

(While the report did not find sufficient evidence to bring charges of criminal conspiracy between the Trump campaign and Russia, it stated that Trump could not be exonerated of trying to obstruct the investigation itself. And it said that Mueller’s conclusions were informed by his reasoning that Trump couldn’t be indicted, at least partly because of a Justice Department opinion against prosecuting a current president.)

Yet here was the Philadelphia Inquirer’s big, bold headline: “No evidence of conspiracy.”

And here was a Bloomberg Markets tweet on March 25: “Now that Special Counsel Robert Mueller has found no evidence that President Trump colluded with Russia in the 2016 presidential campaign, the question becomes how much of the news is already baked into markets.”

And the Wall Street Journal — like many others — apparently found no need in its main headline for attribution to Barr. It merely stated: “Mueller Finds No Collusion.” (Barr was mentioned in a much smaller sub-headline.)

And the much-watched “60 Minutes” lead-in on CBS stated baldly that the report exonerated Trump.

The pro-Trump media went much further, of course. The New York Post, in huge red letters, wrote “No Collusion, No Obstruction” — and (implicitly) slammed the media: “Two Years of Hysteria End in Trump Vindication.”

And Trump himself was trumpeting just that, and more, from every available rooftop.

All of this put Barr, as the New York Times’s James Poniewozik put it, in the position of “the editor who writes the clickbait headline for all the browsers who never actually read the piece.”

Those who read the full report, or detailed coverage of its findings, or even the more nuanced, less breathless press coverage, would have come away with a far different view.

As The Washington Post reported in late April, Mueller himself objected to the way Barr’s letter failed to fully capture the “context, nature and substance” of his report.

But by then, it was far too late to change the hardened narrative, or to suggest a more accurate reading, though many have tried.

Democratic presidential candidate Elizabeth Warren, in a MSNBC town hall, said she had three takeaways after an intensive, into-the-night reading of the full report:

“Part 1, a hostile foreign government attacked our 2016 elections for the purpose of getting Donald Trump elected. Part 2, then-candidate Donald Trump welcomed that help. And Part 3, when the federal government tried to investigate Part 1 and Part 2, Donald Trump as president delayed, deflected, moved, fired and did everything he could to obstruct justice.”

It is true, of course, that Mueller’s investigation did not bring what many of Trump’s political foes — and some irresponsible media commentators — were hoping for: indictments of Trump or of his closest associates, possibly family members.

It’s also true that some of the media reporting and commentary over the past two years has been over the top: far too speculative about what the report would say and result in.

On Wednesday, the national media will be in “flood the zone” mode as Mueller finally testifies.

Not only will the hearing be carried live on cable news but the major broadcast networks will set aside their regular schedules to do the same. And there will be special reports aplenty, as well as a great deal of newspaper and other text coverage.

Some damage is irretrievable. Many Americans have made up their minds already about Mueller’s findings — and about Trump himself, no matter what he is or does.

And the hearing no doubt will be heavily politicized by questions and concurrent grandstanding from those posing the questions.

But hearing from Mueller directly is important, even if it does nothing other than reiterate what’s in his report. And this new round of media coverage is important, too, if only because it can clarify and drive home what Mueller originally said.

There is an opportunity here to remove a false, cartoon version of Mueller’s investigation and to substitute a well-rendered portrait of a subject that could hardly be more important to the country.

The DOJ has instructed Mueller to stick to the report and say nothing else and it’s expected that he will follow that instruction. (He asked them for instructions about what he was allowed to say, so …) Clever questioning could help but who knows if the Democrats have got it together enough to do that. And we know the Republicans will make total asses of themselves so…

Nonetheless, as Sullivan says, this is a second chance for the press to fill in the blanks and treat this with all the knowledge they now have of the report itself and the politics that have surrounded it. We’ll have to see if they’ve learned anything.

.

The only thing we have to fear is no excitement by @BloggersRUs

The only thing we have to fear is no excitement
by Tom Sullivan


“Avengers: Endgame” photo: Marvel Studios.

Democrats don’t need to run for president on better policy, though they have that. Their candidate needs to generate excitement among traditional nonvoters. More than whip fear of what another Donald Trump term could mean for the fate of this democracy, to win a decisive victory from the top of the ticket to the bottom, they need to give nonvoters something to vote for.

Tim Wise’s viral Twitter thread last weekend argued that if Democrats lose the election it will be because they treat this contest as just another policy debate. He told MSNBC’s “Hardball” Monday night (emphasis mine):

When you are dealing with a movement that focuses on [white racial resentment], in a sense, a white identity cult, to act like they are just another candidate, to say, well, yeah you, know he’s sort of racist and that was really racist what he did, but look at my policy to make college affordable, or look at my better healthcare plan that’s going to be so much better than his, is to miss the point.

With [David] Duke what we learned is you have to make this a moral message that Dukeism — and I would say now Trumpism — pose an existential threat to the values that Americans hold dear. So in other words, when they say that The Squad hates America, no, no, no, your movement hates America as an idea, an idea of multiculturalism, of pluralism, and of democracy. That’s the only way we’re going to motivate the base. It’s the only way we’re going to get reasonable moderates and conservatives who probably are never going to agree on policy with the candidates Democrats have, but they can come together on the basis of a moral message and we can live to fight another day about the issues that we care about once the Democrat has defeated Donald Trump.

Bishop William Barber of the Poor People’s Campaign argued on MSNBC’s “All In” that the message Democrats need to emphasize is a moral one, that the Trump administration’s policies are hurting not only people of color, but poor, white Americans. [timestamp 4:50] They must not ignore the racist behavior in favor of discussing health care policies, etc., but expose the moral truth about the effects of Republican policies.

Wise sees a threat to the republic. Barber sees policy cruelty. Both emphasize the need for a moral message to motivate the base. Yet, Democrats in leadership want to run in 2020 as if it is the 1990s again and they can activate their base with white papers.

Wise’s argument is not wrong, nor is Barber’s. But fear alone won’t deliver a decisive victory, nor will it inspire the down-ballot wins Democrats needed to regain control of Republican-held state legislatures and 2021 redistricting. The emphasis on what will turn out the Democrats’ base misses a crucial point. Nonvoters are predominantly younger. Democrats err if they count among their base youth who don’t vote.

The Democrats’ moderate wing has been playing “don’t make Daddy angry” politics for decades. The defensive mindset behind their election strategy is hold the base, don’t make them uncomfortable, and turn them out.

What they should laser-focus on instead is bringing in the growing, voluminous ranks of young people and independents under 40 WHO DON’T VOTE because too many Democrats 1) don’t look or sound like them, 2) won’t fight for them, and 3) haven’t made them the focus of campaign outreach.

Sen. Bernie Sanders went far in 2016 with his $27 donations and free college tuition pitch to younger voters. Aging GOP voters follow Trump because they think he’s fighting for them. But he promised to stick it to the elites and passed tax cuts for them instead. That sentiment is still there. On the left, Sen. Elizabeth Warren really means to do what Trump only teased.

Younger nonvoters need champions like these to give them a reason to register and turn out. It must be terrifying graduating into the economy that, as Warren says, works fine for the top one percent, but not for everybody else. Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez ended up bartending and waiting tables. Her cohort could care less about Medicare drug prices. But they care an awful lot about their own health care, the environment, and the size of their stagnant paychecks.

Wise sees an “existential threat” to the republic and he’s not wrong. But nonvoters under 40 who feel they have no “skin” in this system won’t turn out to save it because their elders see the future threatened. Nonvoters already don’t have one, and with persistent inaction on climate change, little reason to fight for a bleak one. Democrats need to give them a future worth fighting for and heroes to lead them.

Rather than chase their own base, Democrats should be developing that vast, untapped pool of potential rather than promoting more Rolodex candidates. Cautious Democrats invest the bulk of their energies into older people they can reliably count on voting. They should be developing the huge pool of voting-age people who don’t.

I created his chart last fall of the state population by age, of who voted early and who did not. It continues to haunt me. North Carolina is not atypical. Younger voters have the power to remake this country … if they will reach out and take it. But they need reason to.

Trump cultists follow the acting president because, as empty an ill-fitting suit as he is, he presents as bold and in-your-face. To them that looks like leadership. No wonder the right is apoplectic about The Squad. The GOP has trained a generation of Democrats and reporters to cower. They don’t know how to handle Democrats who refuse to play their assigned roles as punching bags. With their social media savvy, youth and attitude, The Squad could be ambassadors to under-40 nonvoters.

Vox explains younger voters made the difference in 2018:

  • Young people drove voter turnout increases. Nearly 36 percent of 18- to 29-year-old citizens reported voting — a 16 percent jump from 2014, when only 20 percent of the youngest voters turned out to the polls. Adults ages 30 to 44 also increased voter turnout by 13 percent.
  • Voter turnout increased more among voters with college degrees than among those without. Voters with more education have historically had higher voter turnout than those without, and that dynamic was amplified last year.
  • More voters in urban areas — 54 percent of citizens — reported voting than those who live outside of metro areas. That’s in sharp contrast to 2014, when people in rural areas voted slightly more than those in urban areas, by 44 percent to 42 percent.
  • Lastly, overall, more women (55 percent) turned out to vote than men (52). More notably, turnout among young women was higher than among young men — a data point that flipped with older voters, where more men cast ballots than women.

But there is still room to grow. Barack Obama made the impossible possible in 2008 by giving nonvoters a reason to register and vote. He fielded a veritable army of volunteers in 2008. Younger voters made the difference in 2008 and again in 2012. An analysis of the 2012 election showed:

Obama easily won the youth vote nationally, 67 percent to 30 percent, with young voters proving the decisive difference in Florida, Virginia, Pennsylvania and Ohio, according to an analysis by the Center for Research and Information on Civic Learning and Engagement at Tufts University. Obama won at least 61 percent of the youth vote in four of those states, and if Romney had achieved a 50-50 split, he could have flipped those states to his column, the study said.

About half of all eligible people ages 18-29 voted in Tuesday’s election, roughly the same level as 2008, according to Peter Levine, the center’s director. The youth vote’s share of the electorate actually increased slightly from 18 percent to 19 percent. In total, 22 million-23 million young people voted, according to the analysis.

They didn’t register and turn out in 2008 and 2012 because of Obama’s policies. They did it out of passion for someone who seemed to embody a better, more hopeful future. Fear of Trump may drive older voters to the polls, but fear alone won’t do that for citizens who are eligible to vote but see no reason to. Yet, we plunk down billions to see superheroes save the planet and/or the galaxy. Who among the Democratic presidential candidates might generate enough excitement to inspire them to save the republic?

A Genuine Satirist by tristero

A Genuine Satirist 

by tristero

RIP, Paul Krassner.  I was listening to WBAI back in the day when (I’m pretty sure) it was Krassner who announced the formation — such as it was — of the Yippies. And my 15-year-old alienated self knew I had finally found a grown-up who got it.

He was a genuine satirist: cruel, unfair, with a truly sick sense of humor, and revelatory:

The Realist’s [Krassner’s underground magazine] most famous article was one Mr. Krassner wrote portraying Lyndon B. Johnson as sexually penetrating a bullet wound in John F. Kennedy’s neck while accompanying the assassinated president’s body back to Washington on Air Force One. The headline of the article was “The Parts That Were Left Out of the Kennedy Book,” and it claimed — falsely — to be material that had been removed from William Manchester’s book “The Death of a President.” 

“People across the country believed — if only for a moment — that an act of presidential necrophilia had taken place,” Mr. Krassner told an interviewer in 1995. “The imagery was so shocking, it broke through the notion that the war in Vietnam was being conducted by sane men.”

Bad taste doesn’t begin to describe Krassner’s article (you can read it here).  But Krassner’s obscene fictional images pale in comparison to the very real atrocities that were coming in every day from Vietnam, the sheer extent of them creating a dangerous normalizing of that awful war.

Controlling and channeling Krassner’s level of outrageousness in a good cause is something very few people can pull off (for another doozy from that time, try Philip Roth’s Our Gang). And certainly, in this era of fake news, the last thing we need is more of it.

But at the time, Krassner’s point was very clear: it was to shock readers out of their complacency and, pace Burroughs, look at what really was on the end of every fork — and provoke genuinely unhealthy, morally indefensible laughter.

What goes around comes around…

What goes around comes around…

by digby

It happens to the best of them:

Red faces in Moscow this weekend, with the news that hackers have successfully targeted FSB—Russia’s Federal Security Service. The hackers managed to steal 7.5 terabytes of data from a major contractor, exposing secret FSB projects to de-anonymize Tor browsing, scrape social media, and help the state split its internet off from the rest of the world. The data was passed to mainstream media outlets for publishing.

FSB is Russia’s primary security agency with parallels with the FBI and MI5, but its remit stretches beyond domestic intelligence to include electronic surveillance overseas and significant intelligence-gathering oversight. It is the primary successor agency to the infamous KGB, reporting directly to Russia’s president.

A week ago, on July 13, a hacking group under the name 0v1ru$ that had reportedly breached SyTech, a major FSB contractor working on a range of live and exploratory internet projects, left a smiling Yoba Face on SyTech’s homepage alongside pictures purporting to showcase the breach. 0v1ru$ had passed the data itself to the larger hacking group Digital Revolution, which shared the files with various media outlets and the headlines with Twitter—taunting FSB that the agency should maybe rename one of its breached activities “Project Collander.”

More…

I saw Richard Clarke on TV this week-end and he noted this story as a cautionary tale saying that cyber-war can very easily lead to real war:

The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) has launched a physical attack on Hamas in immediate response to an alleged cyber-assault. The IDF hit a building in the Gaza Strip with an airstrike after claiming the site had been used by Hamas cyber operatives to attack Israel’s cyber space.

Granted, there is no lack of existing real world violence among these players already. But his point was that it’s not hard to imagine this sort of thing escalating when government actors are involved as they often are.

..

Mueller’s circus training

Mueller’s circus training

by digby

This is interesting. I guess it didn’t occur to me that Mueller would need such guidance and wouldn’t have it the Justice Department to provide it:

Robert Mueller testified more than 60 times on Capitol Hill during his dozen years as FBI director, but none of those hearings packed anywhere near the amount of anticipation, partisan rancor, or political stakes as his appearance promises to on Wednesday.

And the former special counsel has relied heavily on one man to help him navigate this Washington landmine — Jonathan Yarowsky.

Over four decades as a Beltway attorney, Yarowsky offered impeachment advice to Bill Clinton, and worked for a lawmaker who Richard Nixon once called the “executioner.” He oversaw an unsuccessful push to get a 1990s-era Attorney General Bill Barr to appoint an independent counsel to probe the George H.W. Bush administration’s pre-Gulf War Iraq policies, and he handled fist-pounding document requests from Congress during the contentious Clinton years. Essentially, he’s been a part of some of the biggest “gate” controversies since Watergate — Iraqgate, Whitewatergate, Travelgate, Filegate.

And now, he’s a late entry to Russia-gate.

The 70-year-old lawyer who is a partner at WilmerHale, Mueller’s old law firm, has handled the drawn-out negotiations with House staffers over the contours of Mueller’s testimony. And he’s helped Mueller navigate a toxic Capitol Hill environment that is far more partisan than what the former Russia investigator experienced when he last testified there six years ago as FBI director.

Thanks to Yarowsky, both House Democrats and Mueller have made concessions. Initially, Mueller stated he did not want to testify at all, but facing the reality of a subpoena, the special counsel’s representative has been able to limit his latest client’s appearances before two panels to five hours. And notably, none of Mueller’s testimony will be behind closed doors — a precarious situation that would have allowed lawmakers to later skew his statements publicly.

“He’s the right guy to get. He understands the sand traps as well as anybody,” said Julian Epstein, who replaced Yarowsky in the mid-1990s as the Democrats’ top counsel on the Judiciary Committee. “He’s a good insurance policy to make sure the dialogue beforehand is what it should be.”

“Sounds like a wise move for Mueller to have such a Sherpa,” added Georgia Rep. Hank Johnson, a senior Democrat on the House Judiciary panel who will be among the first to question Mueller.

Of course, Mueller is not a man who needs a roadmap to ready himself for Congress. A half-dozen people who know the long-time lawman described a studious and sober preparer who would conduct practice sessions before legal showdowns, hunker down by himself to go through notes and receive briefers one-by-one ahead of even routine oversight hearings.

But Mueller’s testimony this week will be his first as a private citizen. That means he’s without the deep bench of resources he had during dozens of Capitol Hill appearances as the FBI director under both Republican and Democratic presidents. Now, Mueller is relying on people like Yarowsky and a core group of top aides who were among his earliest hires in the Russia probe — longtime chief of staff Aaron Zebley and James Quarles, who took a lead role during the investigation working with lawyers for President Donald Trump and the White House.

While Zebley and Quarles are there to prep Mueller on the detailed and barbed questions he’s likely to get about his team’s final report, Yarowsky has been there to line up the logistics and offer other Capitol Hill guidance.

Perhaps most importantly, Yarowsky maintains lasting connections to the Judiciary Committee. He spent more than a dozen years as one of the panel’s top lawyers.

His boss for much of the time was Rep. Jack Brooks, the panel’s chair from 1989 to 1995. Brooks was a famous firebrand in Washington, intimidating to even the most bludgeoning of lawmakers. The Texas Democrat drew Nixon’s ire for his leadership role in the committee’s impeachment hearings and a 1977 Washington Post article quoted one of Lyndon B. Johnson’s former aides calling Brooks as “one of the few men LBJ was ever afraid of.”

I assume they are preparing for the onslaught from the Freedom Caucus jackasses, which is going to be a real circus. I hope he’s prepared. During the 90s they were pretty bad but they never dreamed of going after someone like Mueller before. (They focused on the “jackbooted thugs” of the ATF in those days.) It’s a different world today…

.

Who hates America most? His initials are D.T.

Who hates America most? His initials are D.T.

by digby

Aaron Rupar took on Trump’s fatuous hectoring of The Squad for its alleged lack of patriotism in criticizing the country. I’ve been stunned by this edition of “I know you are but what am I” and collected a few examples. But this adds to the list substantially:

In recent days, Trump has repeatedly denounced Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-NY) for a comment she made in March that wasn’t even critical of him, but that instead took aim at incrementalist policies supported by more moderate members of Congress that she described as being “10 percent better from garbage.”

“This idea of 10 percent better from garbage shouldn’t be what we settle for,” she said.

Trump, however, has misconstrued Ocasio-Cortez’s words in an effort to make people believe she actually compared America with garbage. She didn’t. But in an especially ironic twist, Trump in October 2014 did the very thing he’s now falsely accusing Ocasio-Cortez of doing.

More here.

Denigrating America and all US leaders has been his stock in trade for years. Going all the way back to 1987:

Donald Trump once spent nearly $100,000 to place a full-page advertisement criticizing U.S. foreign policy in the New York Times, the Washington Post, and the Boston Globe.

“There’s nothing wrong with America’s Foreign Defense Policy that a little backbone can’t cure,” the ad’s headline blares. Below, the reader finds “an open letter from Donald J. Trump” — addressed “To The American People” — “on why America should stop paying to defend countries that can afford to defend themselves.”

The ads appeared in the papers on September 2, 1987. According to an Associated Pressstory published the night before they appeared in print, Trump paid $94,801 to run the advertisements.

“For decades, Japan and other nations have been taking advantage of the United States,” the letter declares. “The saga continues unabated as we defend the Persian Gulf, an area of only marginal significance to the United States for its oil supplies, but one upon which Japan and others are almost totally dependent.”

“Why are these nations not paying the United States for the human lives and billions of dollars we are losing to protect their interests?” the ad continues.

“The world is laughing at America’s politicians as we protect ships we don’t own, carrying oil we don’t need, destined for allies who won’t help.”

Trump writes that Americans could “help our farmers, our sick, our homeless by taking from some of the greatest profit machines ever created — machines created and nurtured by us.”

“‘Tax’ these wealthy nations, not America,” suggests the tycoon. “End our huge deficits, reduce our taxes, and let America’s economy grow unencumbered by the cost of defending those who can easily afford to pay us for the defense of their freedom.”

“Let’s not let our great country be laughed at any more,” Trump’s letter concludes.

He didn’t understand the concept of a world oil market even then. Or the US security umbrella conceived in the wake of the bloodiest wars in human history.

And he still doesn’t.

.

The GOP is having it both ways on their racism

The GOP is having it both ways on their racism

by digby

Mark Shaw, the Lake County GOP chairman who heads the state county chairmen’s group, said the posting was “not authorized by me” and said he was “sorry if anyone who saw the image was offended by the contents.”

Shaw said the post had been deleted, and he called it an “unfortunate distraction” from the ideological issues involving the four progressive congresswoman.

On Facebook, Shaw called the posting “unauthorized.” Then he explained how the group has a “multistage, approval process for all social media posts on any of its social media properties.” That process, he said, is being “reevaluated.”

Right. It’s all about “ideological differences.”

But they got their racist bullshit out there didn’t they?

This is the “oooops” strategy. “Ooops, did we put out racist images and memes? Oh heck. We sure hope nobody was offended. We were just trying to illustrate our ideological differences ….”

.