A week into Mowhoush’s detainment, according to classified investigative documents, interrogators were getting fed up with the prisoner. In a “current situation summary” PowerPoint presentation dated Nov. 18, Army officials wrote about his intransigence, using his first name (spelled “Abid” in Army documents):
“Previous interrogations were non-threatening; Abid was being treated very well. Not anymore,” the document reads. “The interrogation session lasted several hours and I took the gloves off because Abid refused to play ball.”
But the harsher tactics backfired.
In an interrogation that could be witnessed by the entire detainee population, Mowhoush was put into an undescribed “stress position” that caused the other detainees to stand “with heads bowed and solemn looks on their faces,” said the document.
“I asked Abid if he was strong enough a leader to put an end to the attacks that I believed he was behind,” the document said, quoting an unidentified interrogator. “He did not deny he was behind the attacks as he had denied previously, he simply said because I had humiliated him, he would not be able to stop the attacks. I take this as an admission of guilt.”
Excellent work. Sipowitz would be proud.
Three days later, on Nov. 21, 2003, Mowhoush was moved from the border base at Qaim to a makeshift detention facility about six miles away in the Iraqi desert, a prison fashioned out of an old train depot, according to court testimony and investigative documents. Soldiers with the 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment and the 101st Airborne Division were running a series of massive raids called Operation Rifles Blitz, and the temporary holding facility, nicknamed Blacksmith Hotel, was designed to hold the quarry.
U.S. troops searched more than 8,000 homes in three cities, netting 350 detainees, according to court testimony. Even though Mowhoush was not arrested during the raids, he was moved to Blacksmith Hotel, where teams of Army Special Forces soldiers and the CIA were conducting interrogations.
At Blacksmith, according to military sources, there was a tiered system of interrogations. Army interrogators were the first level.
When Army efforts produced nothing useful, detainees would be handed over to members of Operational Detachment Alpha 531, soldiers with the 5th Special Forces Group, the CIA or a combination of the three. “The personnel were dressed in civilian clothes and wore balaclavas to hide their identity,” according to a Jan. 18, 2004, report for the commander of the 82nd Airborne Division.
If they did not get what they wanted, the interrogators would deliver the detainees to a small team of the CIA-sponsored Iraqi paramilitary squads, code-named Scorpions, according to a military source familiar with the operation. The Jan. 18 memo indicates that it was “likely that indigenous personnel in the employ of the CIA interrogated MG Mowhoush.”
Sometimes, soldiers and intelligence officers used the mere existence of the paramilitary unit as a threat to induce detainees to talk, one Army soldier said in an interview. “Detainees knew that if they went to those people, bad things would happen,” the soldier said. “It was used as a motivator to get them to talk. They didn’t want to go with the masked men.”
The Scorpions went by nicknames such as Alligator and Cobra. They were set up by the CIA before the war to conduct light sabotage. After the fall of Baghdad, they worked with their CIA handlers to infiltrate the insurgency and as interpreters, according to military investigative documents, defense officials, and former and current intelligence officials.
Soon after Mowhoush’s detention began, soldiers in charge of him “reached a collective decision that they would try using the [redacted] who would, you know, obviously spoke the local, native Iraqi Arabic as a means of trying to shake Mowhoush up, and that the other thing that they were going to try to do was put a bunch of people in the room, a tactic that Mr. [redacted] called ‘fear up,’ ” Army Special Agent Curtis Ryan, who investigated the case, testified, according to a transcript.
Classified e-mail messages and reports show that “Brian,” a Special Forces retiree, worked as a CIA operative with the Scorpions.
On Nov. 24, the CIA and one of its four-man Scorpion units interrogated Mowhoush, according to investigative records.
“OGA Brian and the four indig were interrogating an unknown detainee,” according to a classified memo, using the slang “other government agency” for the CIA and “indig” for indigenous Iraqis.
“When he didn’t answer or provided an answer that they didn’t like, at first [redacted] would slap Mowhoush, and then after a few slaps, it turned into punches,” Ryan testified. “And then from punches, it turned into [redacted] using a piece of hose.”
“The indig were hitting the detainee with fists, a club and a length of rubber hose,” according to classified investigative records.
Soldiers heard Mowhoush “being beaten with a hard object” and heard him “screaming” from down the hall, according to the Jan. 18, 2004, provost marshal’s report. The report said four Army guards had to carry Mowhoush back to his cell.
Two days later, at 8 a.m., Nov. 26, Mowhoush — prisoner No. 76 — was brought, moaning and breathing hard, to Interrogation Room 6, according to court testimony.
Chief Warrant Officer Lewis E. Welshofer Jr. did a first round of interrogations for 30 minutes, taking a 15-minute break and resuming at 8:45. According to court testimony, Welshofer and Spec. Jerry L. Loper, a mechanic assuming the role of guard, put Mowhoush into the sleeping bag and wrapped the bag in electrical wire.
Welshofer allegedly crouched over Mowhoush’s chest to talk to him.
Sgt. 1st Class William Sommer, a linguist, stood nearby.
Chief Warrant Officer Jeff Williams, an intelligence analyst, came to observe progress.
Investigative records show that Mowhoush “becomes unresponsive” at 9:06 a.m. Medics tried to resuscitate him for 30 minutes before pronouncing him dead.
According to the article, they were just making up these “interrogation techniques” as they went along. One of the interrogators said his brother had zipped him in a sleeping bag when he was a kid and it had made him feel vulnerable. No word on whether the brother then beat him senseless with a rubber hose though.
They do mention that this happened after the instructions came from on high to “take the gloves off.” When you get an order like that it inspires all sorts of experimentation apparently. It illustrates why the military usually operates on a very specific level with rules and orders and discipline. Things do tend to get out of hand when people are given the green light to “do what needs to be done.”
They don’t say it, but I have a feeling that comic books and Dirty Harry movies also played a large role in fashioning our interrogation techniques in this war. Funny, I thought we were well into the third wave information warfare and sophisticated new methods of gaining intelligence. We may document them with Power Point presentations our techniques come right out of the 14th century. Putting someone in a bag and beating him to death isn’t exactly modern high tech warfare.
And man, that rotten apple barrel is getting full, isn’t it?
.